SAP Netweaver Architecture

1).What is SAP NetWeaver?

Ans)SAP NetWeaver is SAP's integrated technology computing platform and is the technical foundation for many SAP applications since the SAP Business Suite. SAP NetWeaver is marketed as a service-oriented application and integration platform. SAP NetWeaver provides the development and runtime environment for SAP applications and can be used for custom development and integration with other applications and systems.


2).Mention some key features of SAP NetWeaver platform?

Ans)

  • SAP NetWeaver is known as open integration and application platform.
  • SAP NetWeaver is based on service oriented architecture SOA, which provides more flexibility during implementation and system upgrades.
  • It provides various development tools like ABAP Workbench, Web Dynpro (T-Code: SE80), NetWeaver Developer Studio, and SAP NetWeaver development infrastructure.
  • SAP NetWeaver AS supports real time analysis with embedded analytics.
  • SAP NetWeaver business clients provides an environment when you can use multiple applications implemented in different languages and by different vendors can be managed using a single platform.

3).How do you connect to SAP NetWeaver Backend system?

Ans)To enable back-end connectivity for other application types, such as composite views and processes, use Remote Function Calls (RFCs) and Web services, which are configured in SAP NetWeaver Administrator.


4).Explain the structure of SAP NetWeaver version?

Ans)NetWeaver version is usually shown as Release X.Y and EHP Z and it is represented as product version X.YZ.

Example - SAP NetWeaver 7.3 EHP1 is represented as SAP NW 7.31.


5). What are the main components of the SAP Netweaver Portal?

Ans)SAP NetWeaver Portal unifies key information and applications to give users a single view that spans IT silos and organizational boundaries. It allows you to take full advantage of all your information resources – and maximize the return on your IT investments. And, its predefined business content accelerates implementation and reduces the cost of integrating your existing systems.


6).What information is available under SAP NetWeaver PAM?

Ans)Using Product Availability Matrix PAM, SAP publishes the following information about SAP software releases

- Release type: It shows the release type of SAP product- standard release, early adoption release, or custom development project release.

- Maintenance durations

- Upgrade paths

- Platform availability (database and operating system availability)


7). What activities that you need to perform in Transport Management System?

Transport management is one of the key components in SAP system landscape and is used to perform the following activities:

- Defining Transport Domain Controller

- Configuring the SAP system landscape

- Defining the Transport Routes among systems within the system Landscape

- Distributing the configuration


8).What do you understand by Transport routes?

Ans)Transport routes are defined as routes that are defined by a SAP Administrator to transmit the changes between different SAP systems. The following are the two types of transport routes -
Consolidation (From DEV to QAS) — Transport Layers are used
Delivery (From QAS to PRD) — Transport Layers not required


9).What is the tool to be used to perform Java support pack upgrade ?

Ans)JSPM is the tool used to perform Java support pack upgrade in SAP. JSPM stands for Java Support Pack Manager.


10).How to trigger the idoc?

Ans) We can trigger the idoc by using Tcode - WE19


11). What is inbound proxy and out bound proxy?

Ans) Inbound proxy is server proxy and outbound proxy is client proxy. In client server architecture let me explain, that someone is sending request for data then that someone will be server and that is through proxy and client will fulfill this requirement and send the responce back through proxy that is outbound proxy.


12).What are different SAP applications based on NetWeaver platform?

Ans)In SAP system, you can find following UI technologies that are provided as part of the software component User Interface Technology (SAP_UI):

- Web Dynpro ABAP
- SAP NetWeaver Business Client (NWBC)
- SAP Visual Business
- Social Media Integration
- Floorplan Manager
- SAP Fiori Launchpad
- UI development toolkit for HTML5
- UI Theme designer


13).What is TREX?

TREX is a search engine in the SAP netweaver technology platform. It can be used in various system environments primarily as an integral part of SAP products like Enterprise portal, Knowledge Warehouse and Business Intelligence(BI).
TREX stands for ‘Text Retrieval and Information Extraction’.


14).What are the functions of TREX?

Ans)Supports various kinds of text search which includes boolean search, exact search, wild card (*, &) search, linguistic search and fuzzy search
- Supports text mining and classification
- Supports structured data search not only for document meta data but also for mass business data
- Supports structured data search in SAP Business Objects


15). What is the use of NetWeaver Business Client?

Ans)Using SAP NetWeaver Business Client, it allows you to move between Web Dynpro, SAP GUI transactions and other content. SAP NetWeaver Business client is a user interface that presents a unified environment for and a single entry point to different SAP business applications and technologies. It is a high-fidelity shell that integrates various UI technologies and design generations aimed at a more efficient, intuitive, and complete user experience over different UI technologies.


16).What is the use of metadata? Can we create that?

Ans)Metadata or message Metadata provides the structure definition of XI message. It can be created in IR, which is called as Message Type.


17).What is lock table overflow?

Ans)SAP manages locks using lock table. The lock table contains all of the information related to locks like who is holding the lock and which locks are currently held etc. The size of the lock table can be specified by the SAP parameter enque/table_size. The size of the lock table limits the number of locks, lock owners and lock names. If this size is exceeded, then the lock table overflow occurs.

18). How to identify lock table overflow issue?

Ans)In SM21 transaction log and ST22 dumps, if you find any error messages like LOCK_TABLE_OVERFLOW, Lock table overflow, Internal lock administration error it means there is a lock table overflow issue.


19).What is SAP NetWeaver Developer Studio?

Ans)SAP NetWeaver Developer Studio is known as an Eclipse platform that supports standard Java Enterprise Edition components and also the Web Dynpro applications development.
The SAP NetWeaver Developer Studio offers full support when you develop large-scale Java projects, irrespective of whether you use SAP technologies, like Web Dynpro and Java Dictionary, or standard technologies, like Java SE, Java EE and XML.


20). What is the use of SAP NetWeaver Enterprise Portal?

Ans)Using SAP Enterprise portal, business users can easily create and manage portal pages and publish their portal pages for others. It allows organization’s employee, suppliers and partners to access all the required information with a single point of access.


21).What is Universal Worklist UWL?

Universal worklist provides a centralize task management, managing work items for business users and is based on NetWeaver platform. Work items can be created automatically or can be raised manually by users.
Using UWL, you can create work items from different systems. These include:
- Collaboration Tasks
- Business Workflow
- Business Process Management
- Office Notifications
- Creating Work items using UWL Connectors
- Guided Procedures


22).What is the parameter to be changed to increase lock table size in SAP?

Ans)Parameter enque/table_size to be changed to increase or decrease lock table size using RZ10 transaction. Default value of this parameter is 32768. The min value that can be set is 4096 and max value is 102400. The unit for this parameter is KB.

23).How to change SAP parameter?

Ans)As this is not dynamic parameter, for the new value to take effect, a system restart is required after modifying the parameter.


24).What is the reason for lock table overflow?

Ans)A lock table overflow can occur due to:
- The lock table is configured too small (i.e value set to enque/table_size parameter is very low)
- Due to improper design of application which sets a large number of locks
- Number of enqueue worprocesses configured in a sap system is less and update is very slow/hanging due to which lots of locks are accumulated in lock table
- Running a custom report with improper selection criteria (like very long time periods data pull) which sets so many locks & eventually lock table overflow occurs


25).How to resolve lock table overflow?

Ans)Increase the size of lock table i.e increase the parameter enque/table_size value using RZ10 transaction. To determine the optimal value for this parameter, you can check the maximum locks set so far in the history and the current number of locks set from SM12 -> Extras -> Statistics
- Increase the number of enqueue workprocesses


26).What is SAP NetWeaver Knowledge Management?

Ans)Knowledge management is part of SAP NetWeaver Enterprise portal. Using Knowledge management, users can access unstructured information as per the role requirement from different data sources. This information can be available in different formats like HTML, presentation or a text document. You can use generic framework to integrate the data sources and provides access to the information contained in them through the portal.


27).Explain SAP NetWeaver Process Integration application?

Ans)SAP Process Integration is part of SAP NetWeaver platform and in NetWeaver 7.0 ehp2 and older versions it is called SAP NetWeaver Exchange Infrastructure XI. SAP NetWeaver Process Integration is part of NetWeaver software component and is used for exchange of information in company’s internal system or with external parties. SAP PI/XI enables you to set up cross system communication and integration and allows you to connect SAP and non-SAP systems based on different programming language like Java and SAP ABAP. It provides an open source environment that are necessary in complex system landscape for integration of systems and for communication.


28).What do you understand by SAP NetWeaver?

Ans)SAP NetWeaver is technology platform for all SAP applications and is ABAP based foundation for many SAP products. This allows you to manage different applications using a single platform and hence reduce the cost of product management to significant amount. SAP NetWeaver has modules in all the SAP products from SAP BI, SAP Enterprise Portal, and also in SAP system integration.


29).Could you name few key features of SAP NetWeaver platform?

Ans) SAP NetWeaver is known as open integration and application platform. SAP NetWeaver is based on service oriented architecture SOA, which provides more flexibility during implementation and system upgrades.
It provides various development tools like ABAP Workbench, Web Dynpro (T-Code: SE80), NetWeaver Developer Studio, and SAP NetWeaver development infrastructure.
SAP NetWeaver AS supports real time analysis with embedded analytics.
SAP NetWeaver business clients provides an environment when you can use multiple applications implemented in different languages and by different vendors can be managed using a single platform.


30).How do you connect to SAP NetWeaver Backend system?

Ans) To enable back-end connectivity for other application types, such as composite views and processes, use Remote Function Calls (RFCs) and Web services, which are configured in SAP NetWeaver Administrator.


31).How to perform backup and recovery operations?

Ans) During a regular operation, data is by default stored to the disk at savepoints in SAPHANA. As soon a there is any update and transaction, logs become active and get saved from the disk memory. In case of power failure, the database restarts like any other DB returning to the last savepoint log state. SAP HANA requires backup to protect against disk failure and reset DB to the previous state. The backups simultaneously as the users keep performing their tasks.


32).Which versions of SAP NetWeaver you have used?

Ans)SAP NetWeaver 7.4
SAP NetWeaver 7.3 Including Enhancement Package 1
SAP NetWeaver 7.3
SAP NetWeaver 7.0 Including Enhancement Package 3


33).Where do you find PAM for SAP NetWeaver platform?

Ans)Support.sap.com


34).What information is available under SAP NetWeaver PAM?

Ans)Using Product Availability Matrix PAM, SAP publishes the following information about SAP software releases −
Release type −
It shows the release type of SAP product- standard release, early adoption release, or custom development project release.
Maintenance durations
Upgrade paths
Platform availability (database and operating system availability)


35). Where do you download SAP NetWeaver trial version? What are the installation steps?

Ans)First step is to get the software from SAP download center.
Next is to perform the Installation of the same.
Then you have to perform Eclipse installation.
You can get a trial from store.sap.com, search for “SAP NetWeaver Application Server ABAP 7.03 64-bit Trial”.


36).What are the different installation modes for SAP NetWeaver installation?

Ans)When you run the installation, you are prompted to enter input parameters. Installation can be done in Typical or Custom mode.
Typical mode −
When you select typical mode as installation parameter, installation process takes default values as parameters. This allows that the installer prompts you only for a small selection of installation parameters.
Below are the installation parameters that you need to select −
SAP system ID and database connectivity parameters
Master password
Encryption key for the secure storage (Valid for NW 7.4 or higher)
SAP system profile directory (Optional)
Custom mode −
When you select Custom mode, you are prompted to enter all parameters values. At the end, you can still change any of these parameters on the Parameter Summary screen.


37).Can you change from Typical to Custom mode or vice versa?

Ans) You have to note that it is not possible to change from Custom to Typical mode or from Typical to Custom mode on the Parameter Summary screen.


38).What are the post installation steps for SAP NetWeaver installation?

Ans)After the installation, you should remember the following points −
The installer creates the installation directory sapinst_instdir, this directory contains all the log files, and which is located directly in the %ProgramFiles% directory. If the installer is not able to create sapinst_instdir there, it tries to create sapinst_instdir in the directory defined by the environment variable TEMP.
There is a subdirectory created for each option and it is located in the sapinst_instdir directory as mentioned in previous step.
If you want to see the list of all available installer properties, you can go to this path- %TEMP%\sapinst_exe.xxxxxx.xxxx after you have started the installer and run the below statement:
sapinst.exe -p.


39). What activities that you need to perform in Transport Management System?

Ans)Transport management is one of the key components in SAP system landscape and is used to perform the following activities −
Defining Transport Domain Controller
Configuring the SAP system landscape
Defining the Transport Routes among systems within the system Landscape
Distributing the configuration


40).What is the use of Transport Domain Controller?

Ans) This is used to manage all TMS configuration details. Any changes to configuration settings are distributed across all systems. To set up the Domain controller, use transaction code — STMS
In case, the SAP system doesn’t have a Domain Controller, you will be prompted to create a new one.


41).Which file stores the Transport Configuration details in Transport System?

Ans)DOMAIN.CFG file is created under usr/sap/trans/bin directory which stores TMS configuration and is used by systems and domains for checking existing configurations.


42).How do you add a system to Transport domain?

Ans)Step 1 - Log on to the SAP system, that you want to add as a System, in client 000 and enter the transaction code — STMS. If system is not added, TMS will check configuration file DOMAIN.CFG and will prompt you to create one. Click on — Select the Proposal and Save. The system will remain in ‘Waiting’ status initially.
To complete the task? login to the Domain Controller System → Transaction STMS → Go to Overview → Systems.


43).What do you understand by Transport routes?

Ans) Transport routes are defined as routes that are defined by a SAP Administrator to transmit the changes between different SAP systems. The following are the two types of transport routes −
Consolidation (From DEV to QAS) — Transport Layers are used
Delivery (From QAS to PRD) — Transport Layers not required


44).How do you decide use of NWBC and SAP GUI logon?

Ans)To decide between NWBC and SAP GUI, you can consider the below points:
When end users work mainly on SAP GUI → SAP GUI standalone
When users work with both on SAP GUI and Web-based applications→ NWBC


45).Have you configured SAP NetWeaver gateway in Fiori Application? What is the use of NetWeaver gateway?

Ans)SAP NetWeaver Gateway is used to setup a connection between SAP business suite and target clients, platforms and framework. It offers development and generation tools to create OData services to different client development tools.
SAP NetWeaver gateway provides an easier way for the consumption on business logic and content for SAP Back-end system on web applications. It also reduces the complexity to access SAP data and also provides easy interfaces to decrease the development time.


46).What is Enterprise Service Builder?

Ans)This is used to access Enterprise service repository (ESR) which is used to perform SOA based development of composite applications.


47).What is the use of SAP NetWeaver Enterprise Portal?

Ans) Using SAP Enterprise portal, business users can easily create and manage portal pages and publish their portal pages for others. It allows organization’s employee, suppliers and partners to access all the required information with a single point of access.


48).What is Universal Worklist UWL?

Ans)Universal worklist provides a centralize task management, managing work items for business users and is based on NetWeaver platform. Work items can be created automatically or can be raised manually by users.


49).What are the key tasks under UWL?

Ans) Using UWM you can provide a central access to work and data to business users as per assigned roles. You can summarize workflow tasks from different systems in a worklist.
You can create customize UWL that can meet business requirements.
You can display additional information from document and object repositories that includes the attachments and other information.


50).What is Web Page Composer?

Ans)Web page composer is a tool for creating and managing portal pages and is used by business users. Using Web page composer, main activities in portal management can be directly performed by Business users. It provides a work environment to integrate information from SAP and non-SAP sources.
In portal pages, users can add unstructured content like news, articles, and banners in application. You can consume these web pages on different portable devices like- mobile and tablet. Business users can add different applications to portal pages.