Sap Abap Hr Interview Questions
1).What is an ABAP?
Ans) ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming) is a high level programming language created by the German software company SAP. It is currently positioned as the language for programming SAP’s Web Application Server, part of its NetWeaver platform for building business applications. Its syntax is somewhat similar to COBOL.
2).What is an ABAP data dictionary?
Ans)ABAP 4 data dictionary describes the logical structures of the objects used in application development and shows how they are mapped to the underlying relational database in tables/views.
3).What is the difference between ABAP and HR ABAP?
Ans)ABAP – It is a programming language used in all the modules of SAP like MM/SD/FI … even HR
ABAP-HR – It is an extension used to program the logic in HR module extensively. The logic/pattern used to write code in HR is different than in normal ABAP, as it uses LDBs, Macros and Many FM to retrieve the data rather using SELECT queries as in ABAP.
4).What is foreign key relationship?
Ans)A relationship which can be defined between tables and must be explicitly defined at field level. Foreign keys are used to ensure the consistency of data. Data entered should be checked against existing data to ensure that there are now contradiction. While defining foreign key relationship cardinality has to be specified. Cardinality mentions how many dependent records or how referenced records are possible.
5).What are the functional modules used in sequence in BDC?
Ans)These are the 3 functional modules which are used in a sequence to perform a data transfer successfully using BDC programming: BDC_OPEN_GROUP – Parameters like Name of the client, sessions and user name are specified in this functional modules. BDC_INSERT – It is used to insert the data for one transaction into a session. BDC_CLOSE_GROUP – This is used to close the batch input session.
6).Describe data classes.
Ans)Master data: It is the data which is seldomly changed. Transaction data: It is the data which is often changed. Organization data: It is a customizing data which is entered in the system when the system is configured and is then rarely changed. System data:It is the data which R/3 system needs for itself.
7).What are logical data bases used in hr module?
Ans)PNP, PNPCE, PAP, PCH …
8). What is Smart Forms?
Ans)Smart Forms allows you to create forms using a graphical design tool with robust functionality, color, and more. Additionally, all new forms developed at SAP will be created with the new Smart Form solution.
9). What are indexes?
Ans)Indexes are described as a copy of a database table reduced to specific fields. This data exists in sorted form. This sorting form ease fast access to the field of the tables. In order that other fields are also read, a pointer to the associated record of the actual table are included in the index. Yhe indexes are activated along with the table and are created automatically with it in the database.
10).Difference between transparent tables and pooled tables.
Ans)Transparent tables: Transparent tables in the dictionary has a one-to-one relation with the table in database. Its structure corresponds to single database field. Table in the database has the same name as in the dictionary. Transparent table holds application data. Pooled tables. Pooled tables in the dictionary has a many-to-one relation with the table in database. Table in the database has the different name as in the dictionary. Pooled table are stored in table pool at the database level.
11).What is the difference between PNP and PNPCE?
Ans) PNP is old LDB used to retrieve the data for HR Master Data.
PNPCE is also used for Master Data but it is capable for Concurrent Employees.
12).What are domains and data element?
Ans)Domains:Domain is the central object for describing the technical characteristics of an attribute of an business objects. It describes the value range of the field. Data Element: It is used to describe the semantic definition of the table fields like description the field. Data element describes how a field can be displayed to end-user.
13).What is an ABAP/4 Query?
Ans)ABAP/4 Query is a powerful tool to generate simple reports without any coding. ABAP/4 Query can generate the following 3 simple reports: Basic List: It is the simple reports. Statistics: Reports with statistical functions like Average, Percentages. Ranked Lists: For analytical reports. – For creating a ABAP/4 Query, programmer has to create user group and a functional group. Functional group can be created using with or without logical database table. Finally, assign user group to functional group. Finally, create a query on the functional group generated.
14). What are screen painter and menu painter?
Ans)Screen painter: Screen painter is a tool to design and maintain screen and its elements. It allows user to create GUI screens for the transactions. Attributes, layout, filed attributes and flow logic are the elements of Screen painter. Menu painter: Menu painter is a tool to design the interface components. Status, menu bars, menu lists, F-key settings, functions and titles are the components of Menu painters. Screen painter and menu painter both are the graphical interface of an ABAP/4 applications.
15).Explain GET PERNR concept when we use logical data base?
Ans)You need to use LDB PNP to use the GET PERNR event, once GET PERNR event triggers all the Infotypes declared by using INFOTYPES statement will be fetched data to the respective internal tables. If you specify Infotypes by INFOTYPES statement then internal tables are created with Pnnnn structure.
Ex:- INFOTYPES: 0001, 0002, 0006.
Internal tables p0001, p0002, p0003 are created and can be used in the program.
16). What are the components of SAP scripts?
Ans)SAP scripts is a word processing tool of SAP which has the following components: Standard text. It is like a standard normal documents. Layout sets. – Layout set consists of the following components: Windows and pages, Paragraph formats, Character formats. Creating forms in the R/3 system. Every layout set consists of Header, paragraph, and character string. ABAP/4 program.
17).What is ALV programming in ABAP? When is this grid used in ABAP?
Ans)ALV is Application List viewer. Sap provides a set of ALV (ABAP LIST VIEWER) function modules which can be put into use to embellish the output of a report. This set of ALV functions is used to enhance the readability and functionality of any report output. Cases arise in sap when the output of a report contains columns extending more than 255 characters in length. In such cases, this set of ALV functions can help choose selected columns and arrange the different columns from a report output and also save different variants for report display. This is a very efficient tool for dynamically sorting and arranging the columns from a report output. The report output can contain up to 90 columns in the display with the wide array of display options.
18).What is ITS?
Ans) What are the merits of ITS?- ITS is a Internet Transaction Server. ITS forms an interface between HTTP server and R/3 system, which converts screen provided data by the R/3 system into HTML documents and vice-versa. Merits of ITS: A complete web transaction can be developed and tested in R/3 system. All transaction components, including those used by the ITS outside the R/3 system at runtime, can be stored in the R/3 system. The advantage of automatic language processing in the R/3 system can be utilized to language-dependent HTML documents at runtime.
19).What are the events in ABAP/4 language?
Ans)Initialization, At selection-screen, Start-of-selection, end-of-selection, top-of-page, end-of-page, At line-selection, At user-command, At PF, Get, At New, At LAST, AT END, AT FIRST.
20). What is CTS and what do you know about it?
Ans)The Change and Transport System (CTS) is a tool that helps you to organize development projects in the ABAP Workbench and in Customizing, and then transport the changes between the SAP Systems and clients in your system landscape. This documentation provides you with an overview of how to manage changes with the CTS and essential information on setting up your system and client landscape and deciding on a transport strategy. Read and follow this documentation when planning your development project.
21). What are logical databases? What are the advantages/ dis-advantages of logical databases?
To read data from a database tables we use logical database. A logical database provides read-only access to a group of related tables to an ABAP/4 program. Advantages: i)check functions which check that user input is complete, correct,and plausible. ii)Meaningful data selection. iii)central authorization checks for database accesses. iv)good read access performance while retaining the hierarchical data view determined by the application logic. dis advantages: i)If you donot specify a logical database in the program attributes,the GET events never occur. ii)There is no ENDGET command,so the code block associated with an event ends with the next event statement (such as another GET or an END-OF-SELECTION).
22).What are internal tables?
Ans) Internal tables are a standard data type object which exists only during the runtime of the program. They are used to perform table calculations on subsets of database tables and for re-organising the contents of database tables according to users need.
23).What is a batch input session?
Ans)BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table. Data along with the action is stored in session ie data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed, program name behind it, and how next screen is processed.
24). How to upload data using CATT ?
Ans)These are the steps to be followed to Upload data through CATT: Creation of the CATT test case & recording the sample data input. Download of the source file template. Modification of the source file. Upload of the data from the source file.
25).How can I make a differentiation between dependent and independent data?
Ans)Client dependent or independent transfer requirements include client specific or cross client objects in the change requests. Workbench objects like SAPscripts are client specific, some entries in customizing are client independent. If you display the object list for one change request, and then for each object the object attributes, you will find the flag client specific. If one object in the task list has this flag on, then that transport will be client dependent.
26). What is the differrences between structure and table in data dictionary in ABAP?
Ans) Structure and table both are 2/2 matrices but there are many differences between table and structure.
- Table can store the data physically but a structure dose not store.
- Table can have primary key but a structure dose not have.
- Table can have the technical attribute but a structure dose not have.
structure does’t contain technical attributes.
structure does’t contain primary key.
structure does’t stores underline database level.
27). What is logical database?
Ans)Logical data bases are special programs used to read the data and make it available in the programs. Other than retrieving the data authorization checks are handled, can be able to retrieve data from multiple tables. Specify LDB in the program attributes and use the GET event to retrieve the data. One best use is there will be a default selection screen.
28).Infotype ?
Ans) The data fields of HR master data, time management and recruitment are grouped logically into information types or infotypes for short.
Examples of infotypes are "Family/Related Person", "Organizational Assignment, "Basic Pay".
Infotype Category’s:
- Infotypes 0000 - 0999 - HR master data and sometimes for applicant data
- Infotypes 1000 - 1999 - organizational management
- Infotypes 2000 - 2999 - time data
- Infotypes 4000 - 4999 - applicant data
- Infotypes 9000 - 9999 - customers
29). Subtype ?
Ans) Subtypes are subdivisions of infotypes. The various subtypes of an infotype can be assigned different time constraints, and a separate data history can be maintained for each.
30).What is Time Constraint ?
Ans)A time constraint indicates whether more than one infotype record may be available at one time. The following time constraint indicators are permissible :
1 : An infotype record must be available at all times. This record may have no time gaps. You may not delete the record last stored on the database because all records of this infotype would otherwise be deleted.
2: Only one record may be available at one time, but time gaps are permitted.
3: Any number of records may be valid at one time, and time gaps are permitted.
A = Infotype exists just once from Jan.1 1800 to Dec.12 999
B = IT exists for maximum of once from Jan.1 1800 to Dec.12 9999
T = Time constraint is based on subtype or subtype table
Z = Time constraint for time management infotypes -> T554Y
31). Importance of PA20, PA30 and PA40 ?
Ans)PA20 – Display HR Master Data
PA30 – Maintain HR Master Data
PA40 – Personnel Actions
32).How can we decide weather we can enhance the standard Infotype or not ?
Ans) Only PA Tables Can be Enhanced, Having Structure CI_INCLUDE
Go to PM01à Enter Infotype NumberàSelect Single Screen TABàChoose Customer Include à Click on Edit Tab à Enter Fields in the Stucture à generate Screen.
33).What is PAKEY structure, PSHD1 structure and what type of fields it contains?
Ans)PAKEY Contains :PERNR, OBJPS ,SEQNR,SUBTY.
34).What is PS structure?
Ans)PS Structures have basic data fields of an employee in every Infotype. These data fields will vary for every Infotype and included in respective Infotype to hold the data.
Infotype 0002 – PS0002 will have personal data fields
Infotype 0008 – PS0008 will have pay related data fields etc
35).What are the payroll related Infotypes?
Ans)The basic Infotypes used for payroll are 0, 1, 3, 7, 8, 9, 580, 591, 45, 41, 57, 267 and others.
36).What are the time related Infotypes?
Ans)All the 2 series Infotypes.
37).What are the personnel administration related Infotypes?
Ans)All Infotypes 0000 to 0999
38).What are the organizational related Infotypes?
Ans)1000 to 1999 Infotypes
39).What is Macro?
Ans)Macro is a set of reusable statements which can be used several times in programs.
40).What is PNP-SW-FOUND ?
Ans)PNP-SW-FOUND will be initial if the macros rp_provide_from_last or first is successful else it will be 1.
41).What is the difference between select statement and provide statement ?
Ans)SELECT statements are used to fetch the data from DATABASE tables.
PROVIDE is used to fetch the data from Internal Tables (multiple IT by joining).
42). Which function module reads the data for particular Infotype ?
Ans) HR_READ_INFOTYPE – to retrieve data from PA tables
RH_READ_INFTY – to retrieve data from OM Infotypes
43).How do you retrieve the data for repetitive structures ?
Ans)Repetitive structure is same sequence for fields varying by numeric digits. We do have repetitive structure in IT 8 [Basic Pay] and IT 41[Date Specifications].
To retrieve the data from repetitive structures we use DO… VARYING .
44).What is the transaction code to display the payroll results ?
Ans)PC_PAYRESULT
45).What is payroll driver ?
Ans)HINCALC0 Used to Simulate / Run the Payroll of Employee/ Employees.
46). In which cluster time results are stored?
Ans) B2 Cluster is Used to Store the Evalution of Time results
47). Transaction Code to Create OM Infotypes?
Ans)PPCI
48). in Which Time Constraint does the infotype records depend on the Subtype ?
Ans)Time Constraint - T
49).Which Infotype records Can not be deleted ?
Ans) Infotype records with Time Constraint – A.
50).RP_PROVIDE_FROM_LAST Contains How Many Parameters ?
Ans)RP_PROVIDE_FROM_LAST Contains 4 Parameters , Those are
Infotype , Subtype , Begin date , Enddate.
If you do not want to specify a particular Subtype then Enter a Space.
EX : RP_PROVIDE_FROM_LAST
